Airway

TL;DR

Critical path for air entering lungs, must be clear to ensure breathing.

What is Airway?

Maintaining an open and clear airway is a critical priority in first aid, particularly when dealing with an unconscious casualty. The airway can become obstructed by the tongue, fluids such as blood or vomit, or foreign objects. Ensuring the airway is clear involves using techniques such as the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver for adults and children, and a neutral head position for infants due to their softer tracheas.

The rescuer should look, listen, and feel for signs of normal breathing and be prepared to clear the airway using a sweeping motion with their fingers if there are obstructions. If the casualty is not breathing normally, commence cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately while maintaining the airway to prevent asphyxiation and enhance the effectiveness of rescue breaths and chest compressions.

Management Steps

• Perform a head-tilt, chin-lift manoeuvre to open the airway
• Use the jaw-thrust technique if spinal injury is suspected
• Check for obstructions and remove them if visible
• Place the casualty in the recovery position if they are breathing but unconscious

Takeaway to remember

The airway is the passage through which air travels from the mouth and nose to the lungs. In first aid, maintaining an open and clear airway is critical, particularly in unconscious casualties. Blockages can occur due to the tongue falling back, foreign objects, vomit, or swelling.

Reference

• First Aid eBook