Anaphylaxis

TL;DR

Severe allergic reaction needing immediate emergency treatment to prevent fatality.

What is Anaphylaxis?

Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of an allergic reaction and has the potential to be life-threatening. It occurs rapidly after exposure to an allergen such as food (e.g., nuts), insect stings, latex, medications, or other substances to which an individual is highly sensitive. Symptoms can escalate from mild reactions like tingling or itching in the mouth to severe symptoms such as swelling of the throat, difficulty breathing, hoarse voice, persistent cough, abdominal cramps, and loss of consciousness.

Immediate treatment involves the administration of adrenaline (epinephrine) via an auto-injector (e.g., EpiPen®), laying the casualty flat, and calling emergency services. Continuous monitoring and readiness to perform CPR are essential if the casualty becomes unresponsive. Avoidance of known triggers is crucial, and individuals with a history of anaphylaxis should always carry their prescribed adrenaline auto-injector .

Symptoms

• Difficulty breathing
• Swelling of the face and throat
• Rapid heartbeat
• Drop in blood pressure

First Aid Steps

• Administer an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen or Anapen) if available
• Call emergency services immediately
• Keep the casualty lying down with their legs elevated
• Monitor their breathing and pulse and be prepared to perform CPR if necessary

Takeaway to remember

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and throat, rapid heartbeat, and a drop in blood pressure.

Reference

• First Aid eBook