Cold Related Emergencies

TL;DR

Health emergencies arising from exposure to cold, such as frostbite or hypothermia.

What are Cold Related Emergencies?

Cold-related emergencies include conditions such as hypothermia and frostbite, which occur when the body is exposed to excessively cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

Hypothermia happens when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, leading to a dangerous drop in core body temperature. Symptoms of hypothermia include shivering, slurred speech, slow and shallow breathing, weak pulse, drowsiness, and confusion. Severe hypothermia can result in unconsciousness and death if not treated promptly.

Frostbite, on the other hand, affects body tissues, typically the extremities such as fingers, toes, ears, and nose. It occurs when these tissues freeze due to exposure to cold, causing numbness, tingling, and discoloration of the affected area.

First aid for hypothermia involves moving the casualty to a warmer environment, removing any wet clothing, and wrapping them in warm blankets. It is essential to handle the casualty gently, as rough handling can trigger cardiac arrest. Providing warm, non-alcoholic, non-caffeinated beverages if the casualty is conscious can help raise their body temperature.

For frostbite, gradually rewarming the affected areas by soaking them in warm (not hot) water is recommended. Avoid rubbing or massaging the frostbitten areas, as this can cause further tissue damage.

Seek medical attention immediately for both hypothermia and frostbite. Preventative measures include dressing in layers, staying dry, and protecting exposed skin in cold environments.

First Aid for Cold-Related Emergencies

• Hypothermia: Move the casualty to a warm environment, remove wet clothing, wrap them in warm blankets, and provide warm (not hot) drinks.
• Frostbite: Gently warm the affected area using body heat or warm water. Avoid rubbing or applying direct heat.

Takeaway to remember

Cold-related emergencies, such as hypothermia and frostbite, occur when the body is exposed to extremely low temperatures.

Reference

• First Aid eBook