Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

TL;DR

Combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths to sustain circulatory and respiratory function.

What is Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)?

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique used in emergencies when someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. CPR helps keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs until more definitive medical treatment can restore a normal heart rhythm. The procedure involves cycles of chest compressions and rescue breaths.

According to the ANZCOR Guideline, the standard method for adults involves 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths, at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. This rate ensures that blood continues to circulate, delivering oxygen to the brain and other critical organs.

Performing CPR effectively requires proper technique. For chest compressions, the rescuer should kneel beside the casualty, placing the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, with the other hand on top, interlocking the fingers. Compressions should be to a third of the depth of the chest and at a steady rhythm. Rescue breaths involve opening the airway with a head-tilt/chin-lift manoeuvre, pinching the nose, and delivering breaths into the casualty's mouth, ensuring the chest rises with each breath. For infants, the technique is adjusted to use two fingers for compressions and gentle puffs for breaths. Continuous CPR is crucial until emergency medical personnel arrive or the casualty shows signs of recovery.

Steps for CPR

• Check Responsiveness: Tap the casualty and shout to see if they respond.
• Call for Help: Dial emergency services.
• Begin Chest Compressions: Push hard and fast in the center of the chest.
• Give Rescue Breaths: After 30 compressions, give 2 breaths if trained.
• Continue the Cycle: Repeat compressions and breaths until help arrives.

Takeaway to remember

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving technique used in emergencies when the heart stops beating. It involves chest compressions and rescue breaths to maintain circulation and oxygenation.

Reference

• First Aid eBook