Vital Signs

TL;DR

Measurements of the body's basic functions.

What are Vital Signs?

Vital signs are essential physiological measurements that indicate the overall health and function of the body. They include measurements of body temperature, heart rate (pulse), respiratory rate, and blood pressure. Monitoring vital signs is a fundamental aspect of assessing and managing casualties in first aid to identify abnormalities or changes in health status.

Body temperature reflects the body's ability to regulate heat and can indicate fever or hypothermia.

Heart rate measures the number of times the heart beats per minute and provides insights into cardiovascular function.

Respiratory rate indicates the number of breaths taken per minute, reflecting respiratory efficiency.

Blood pressure measures the force of blood against arterial walls during heart contractions and relaxations, indicating cardiovascular health and circulation status.

Regular monitoring and recording of vital signs help responders detect early signs of illness, injury, or deterioration in a casualty's condition. Immediate interventions may be initiated based on abnormal vital sign readings to stabilize the casualty and facilitate appropriate medical care.

Monitoring Vital Signs

• Heart Rate: Measure the pulse at the wrist (radial pulse) or neck (carotid pulse). Normal resting heart rate for adults is 60-100 beats per minute.
• Respiratory Rate: Count the number of breaths per minute. Normal rate for adults is 12-20 breaths per minute.
• Blood Pressure: Use a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure. Normal range is around 120/80 mmHg.
• Temperature: Use a thermometer to check body temperature. Normal body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F).

Takeaway to remember

Vital signs are measurements of the body's most basic functions and are crucial in assessing the overall health of an individual. The primary vital signs include heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and temperature.

Reference

• First Aid eBook