Burns

TL;DR

Tissue damage caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation.

What are Burns?

Burns are injuries to the skin and other tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or friction. They are classified into three categories based on the depth of damage: superficial (first-degree), partial-thickness (second-degree), and full-thickness (third-degree) burns. Superficial burns affect only the outer layer of the skin, causing redness and pain. Partial-thickness burns affect both the outer and underlying layers, leading to blistering and more intense pain. Full-thickness burns penetrate all layers of the skin and underlying tissues, often resulting in white or blackened, charred skin and numbness due to nerve damage.

First aid for burns focuses on stopping the burning process, cooling the burn, and covering it to prevent infection. Remove the casualty from the source of the burn and ensure the area is safe. Cool the burn immediately with cool running water for at least 20 minutes, avoiding ice or very cold water as they can cause further tissue damage. Once cooled, cover the burn with a clean, non-stick dressing or plastic wrap to protect it from contamination. Do not apply creams, ointments, or adhesive dressings to the burn. For severe burns, chemical or electrical burns, or burns on sensitive areas like the face, hands, or genitals, seek emergency medical assistance immediately. Monitoring for signs of shock and keeping the casualty warm and calm are also crucial steps in managing burn injuries.

First Aid for Burns

• Cool the Burn: Run cool (not cold) water over the burn for at least 20 minutes or until pain eases. Do not use ice, as this causes further tissue damage.
• Cover with a Dressing: Apply a sterile, non-stick dressing or clean cloth. Do not use adhesive dressings on burns.
• Avoid Creams or Ointments: Do not apply creams, butter, or ointments to burns as they can trap heat and cause infection.
• Seek Medical Help: For larger burns, burns on sensitive areas (face, hands, feet, genitals), or third-degree burns, seek immediate medical attention.

Takeaway to remember

Burns can be caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation. They are classified into first, second, and third-degree burns based on severity.

Reference

• First Aid eBook