Diabetes

TL;DR

Chronic condition affecting blood sugar regulation, requiring careful management.

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by an imbalance of glucose in the blood due to problems with insulin production or effectiveness. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows the body's cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream to use as energy. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

Type 1 diabetes, which accounts for about 18% of diabetes cases, typically appears before the age of 40. It is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, making the person dependent on insulin injections for life. The cause of Type 1 diabetes is unknown, and there is currently no cure.

Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, affects approximately 82% of diabetics and usually develops after the age of 40. It is often associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. In Type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin or the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. Management includes lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, oral medications, and sometimes insulin injections.

A third type, gestational diabetes, can develop during pregnancy and typically resolves after childbirth but increases the mother's risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.

Diabetic emergencies arise from severe imbalances in blood sugar levels, leading to either hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia, both of which require prompt medical attention to prevent serious complications.

Types of Diabetes

• Type 1 Diabetes: The body does not produce insulin.
• Type 2 Diabetes: The body does not use insulin properly.
• Gestational Diabetes: Develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth.

Managing Diabetes

• Monitor Blood Sugar: Regularly check blood glucose levels.
• Medication: Use insulin or oral medications as prescribed.
• Diet and Exercise: Maintain a balanced diet and regular physical activity.

Takeaway to remember

Diabetes is a chronic condition where the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance.

Reference

• First Aid eBook