Diabetic Emergency

TL;DR

Critical situation caused by abnormal blood sugar levels needing urgent care.

What is Diabetic Emergency?

A diabetic emergency can occur when there is a significant imbalance in blood sugar levels, leading to either hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) or hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar).

Hypoglycaemia is particularly dangerous due to its rapid onset and potential to cause unconsciousness and even death within hours if not treated promptly. Common causes include drinking alcohol without food, missing meals, not eating enough carbohydrates, excessive insulin, unexpected physical activity, or illness. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia include pale skin, sweating, hunger, dizziness, headache, tingling around the mouth, slurred speech, confusion, rapid pulse, shaking, and in severe cases, seizures and unconsciousness. Immediate treatment involves having the casualty cease any activity, rest, and consume quick-acting carbohydrates like glucose tablets, fruit juice, or soft drinks.

Hyperglycaemia, on the other hand, is characterized by high blood sugar levels, often due to insufficient insulin or diabetes medication, excessive carbohydrate intake, stress, or illness. It develops more slowly than hypoglycaemia but can lead to diabetic coma if untreated. Symptoms include hot, dry skin, constant thirst, frequent urination, acetone breath, drowsiness, nausea, rapid pulse, and blurred vision. If a diabetic management plan is available, it should be followed. Otherwise, medical help is necessary to administer insulin and manage the condition.

It is crucial to monitor the casualty closely and seek medical assistance if there is no improvement or if symptoms worsen.

First Aid for Diabetic Emergencies

• Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Give the casualty a sugary drink, glucose tablets, or any form of sugar. If the casualty is unconscious, do not give anything by mouth and call emergency services.
• Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar): Encourage the casualty to drink water to help dilute the sugar in the blood. Seek medical help if the condition does not improve.

Takeaway to remember

A diabetic emergency can occur when there is an imbalance in the blood sugar levels, either too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia).

Reference

• First Aid eBook