Frostbite

TL;DR

Freezing of skin and underlying tissues from extreme cold exposure.

What is Frostbite?

Frostbite is a medical condition where skin and underlying tissues freeze due to exposure to extreme cold. It commonly affects extremities such as fingers, toes, ears, and the nose.

The severity of frostbite is categorized into superficial, partial-thickness, and full-thickness. Superficial frostbite affects only the surface layers of the skin, causing redness, pain, and a tingling or burning sensation. Partial-thickness frostbite extends deeper, leading to blisters and significant swelling. Full-thickness frostbite involves all layers of the skin and tissues underneath, resulting in numbness, white or blue skin, and a waxy texture. In severe cases, tissue death and loss of affected body parts can occur.

First aid for frostbite involves gradually rewarming the affected areas using body heat or warm (not hot) water, typically around 37-39°C. It is crucial to avoid rubbing or massaging frostbitten areas as this can cause further tissue damage. The affected person should be moved to a warmer environment and kept dry. If rewarming is painful or if blisters develop, medical attention is necessary. Additionally, preventive measures such as wearing appropriate clothing, keeping dry, and avoiding prolonged exposure to cold can significantly reduce the risk of frostbite.

First Aid for Frostbite

• Move to a Warm Area: Get the casualty out of the cold environment.
• Warm the Affected Area: Gently warm the frostbitten area using body heat or warm (not hot) water. Avoid rubbing the area.
• Protect the Area: Cover the frostbitten area with a clean, dry cloth.
• Seek Medical Help: Contact emergency services for severe frostbite.

Takeaway to remember

Frostbite occurs when skin and underlying tissues freeze due to exposure to extremely cold temperatures. It commonly affects fingers, toes, ears, and the nose.

Reference

• First Aid eBook