Fractures

TL;DR

Breaks in bones caused by trauma, needing medical evaluation and treatment.

What are Fractures?

Fractures refer to any break in the continuity of a bone and can vary in severity and type. They are generally classified into three main types: closed, open, and complicated.

Closed fractures are those where the bone is broken but does not puncture the skin, while open fractures involve a break in the skin, exposing the bone and increasing the risk of infection. Complicated fractures involve additional damage to surrounding vital organs and major blood vessels, which can be life-threatening.

The causes of fractures can include direct force, such as a blow to the bone, or indirect force, where kinetic energy is transmitted through a larger bone, causing a weaker bone to break.

First aid for fractures focuses on immobilising the injured area to prevent further damage and reduce pain. This involves supporting the injured limb in a comfortable position and avoiding unnecessary movement. It is crucial to check for circulation beyond the fracture site to ensure blood flow is not impeded.

For complex fractures, especially open ones, controlling bleeding and covering the wound with a sterile dressing is important.

Fractures in the elderly, often due to conditions like osteoporosis, and in children, who are prone to greenstick fractures due to their softer bones, require careful handling to prevent further complications.

First Aid for Fractures

• Immobilise the Area: Use a splint or support to keep the injured area from moving.
• Control Bleeding: If there is an open wound, cover it with a sterile dressing and apply pressure to control bleeding.
• Apply Ice: Use ice packs to reduce swelling and pain.
• Seek Medical Attention: Transport the casualty to a hospital or call emergency services.

Takeaway to remember

Fractures are breaks or cracks in bones caused by trauma, falls, or direct blows. They can be classified as open (compound) or closed (simple).

Reference

• First Aid eBook