Heart Attack

TL;DR

Emergency where blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, causing damage.

What is Heart Attack?

A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. This blockage is often due to a build-up of plaque in the coronary arteries, which can rupture and form a clot.

Symptoms of a heart attack include chest pain or discomfort, which may spread to the arms, neck, jaw, or back, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, and light-headedness. Chest pain associated with a heart attack is often described as squeezing, crushing, or heavy, and it can vary in intensity.

Immediate first aid for a heart attack involves calling emergency services and keeping the casualty calm and at rest. If the casualty is conscious, they should be encouraged to sit in a comfortable position, preferably with their back supported and knees bent, which can help ease the strain on the heart. Administering aspirin, if available and the casualty is not allergic, can help to thin the blood and reduce the severity of the heart attack. Monitoring the casualty’s condition and being prepared to perform CPR if they lose consciousness and stop breathing is critical.

Quick and decisive action can significantly improve the chances of survival and recovery in heart attack cases.

Signs of a Heart Attack

• Chest Pain or Discomfort: Pressure, squeezing, or fullness in the chest.
• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing.
• Sweating: Cold sweats.
• Other Symptoms: Pain in the arm, neck, jaw, or back, nausea, and lightheadedness.

First Aid for Heart Attack

• Call Emergency Services: Dial 000 immediately.
• Rest and Reassure: Help the casualty sit in a comfortable position and reassure them.
• Medication: If the casualty has prescribed heart medication (e.g., nitroglycerin), help them take it.
• Monitor and Support: Be prepared to perform CPR if the casualty becomes unresponsive.

Takeaway to remember

A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. Immediate medical attention is crucial.

Reference

• First Aid eBook